daf bit: Bava Batra 153

[cellio]

We previously learned that if a sick man makes a gift and then recovers, there are cases where the gift can be rescinded. What if there is a disagreement -- he says "I was sick and recovered" and the recipient says "you were in perfect health" (in which case the gift would certainly stand)? Rabbi Meir says the giver must prove he was sick; however, the sages say the burden of proof is on the claimant. (153a)

Comments

[cellio]

You're pretty close, actually (and I agree with the sentiment regarding the judges...).

Tradition teaches that two laws were given at Sinai, the written law (torah, 5 books of Moshe) and the oral law (which was, err, oral). Later, at a time when there was risk of it being lost, the oral law was recorded in the mishna. The mishna tends to be a lot of "the law is X in this case, Y in that case" -- not a lot of analysis and back-and-forth discussion. Later still, the g'mara recorded the commentary on the mishna (that's where the arguments tend to be, and also a lot of the midrash). The g'mara also recorded teachings that were contemporary with the mishna but not recorded in it, so there is some entanglement. The g'mara isn't just a later commentary.

The mishna to an extent and the g'mara moreso are, in fact, case law (mixed with statute). The g'mara is full of "you say the law is X, but Rabbi So-and-So did Y", and then you have the discussion of what made Rabbi So-and-So's situation different ("oh, that was the holiday offering, not Shabbat!" etc). Or, sometimes, it's a real disagreement.

To put my postings on this in context, the talmud consists of more than 5000 (double-sided) pages, generally tightly-packed. I am quoting a couple sentences from whatever page I'm pulling from.