Shabbat: Rabbi Shefa Gold
Apr. 1st, 2012 04:53 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
cellioI went to the Renewal movement's national kallah a few years ago, and most of what I know about their ideas and worship styles comes from that. (Much of the rest comes from reading the Velveteen Rabbi's blog.) At the kallah I encountered a lot of worship motifs that I think of as "new-age", such as drumming, movement/dance, yoga, meditation, and an abundance of creative English readings displacing set liturgy. But I also encountered well-done music that enhanced worship, and a focus on core kavannot (intentions) behind the prayers. At the time I described the kallah as a whole, including both worship and learning, as "decent with a high standard deviation".
So with some trepidation, and a resolve to leave if necessary, I went to the service. There were a couple good ideas there, but also some things that turned me off, so I'm glad this was a one-shot. I didn't walk out, but nor would I go again.
I'm not going to give a detailed chronology, but I have some observations of things that stood out:
There was quite a bit of "guided meditation" in the service, particularly the earlier parts. She had chosen three themes from the weekly torah portion and she focused once on each of those (and then came back to them during the torah service). The torah service was a fine place to talk about those themes, and I would not have minded one (shorter) mention of these themes earlier on (like my rabbi sometimes does before p'sukei d'zimra). I found the prominent focus on these themes during the service proper to be somewhat off-putting. They hindered my worship; they did not enhance it.
P'sukei d'zimra, the psalms of praise, contained only: a five-minute chant on the first line of the opening passage; a four-minute chant of the first line of Ashrei, and a full treatment of Nishmat. These struck me as peculiar choices. I would have expected Psalm 150, which is all about praising God through music, to be an automatic inclusion in a music-focused service. And given all the text that was omitted throughout the service, I did not understand the choice to include Nishmat. I mean, it's a fine text and I've no objections, but why that one among all the others? Why not Psalm 150, and the psalm specifically for Shabbat? Puzzling.
Kriat sh'ma included the v'ahavta in English but not Hebrew (odd -- even people who don't know much liturgical Hebrew know the v'ahavta) and then she had the congregation chant "Adonai eloheichem emet" repeatedly while she chanted mi chamocha (yes, everything in between was skipped). While the style of having the congregation chant one passage while the leader chants a longer prayer works well for me in principle, this one did not because the congregation should be participating in the praise of God that mi chamocha (who is like you, oh God) is all about. Especially the Shabbat before Pesach, since that is the text that the Israelites sang at the Sea of Reeds after being rescued. We should be saying that together and we did not have that opportunity. So, good general idea, bad specific application.
Somewhat surprisingly, she did allow room for us to pray the t'filah (amidah, central prayer) individually. I was worried that she would pick a couple lines out of it to chant in lieu of doing the full prayer (or at least allowing us to do so ourselves). If she had abridged the t'filah I would have ignored her and done it on my own; if that had been impossible I would have walked out, no question.
That said, she did replace the Kedusha with a chant on one line; I tuned that out and prayed it despite the distraction. (There were a few other places where I found myself praying texts that she was skipping, tuning out what she was doing as necessary. I don't remember where the others were. Oh, one was the rest of the sh'ma.)
Tangent: somebody said to me that morning that we as individuals are responsible for our own prayer instead of relying on the leader to fulfill our obligations for us. True in part, but if I can't rely on the leader to lead appropriately, why exactly should I come together with a community at all? I can pray by myself at home, after all. When I am the leader I am ever-mindful of two competing obligations to the congregation: to pray in a way that they can fulfill their obligations through me, and to lead in a way that allows them to fulfill their obligations themselves.
There were times during the service where she led chanted prayers in English. I hate this. Hate hate hate. To me, the prayer nusach (melodic system) is bound tightly to the Hebrew language. I have (rarely) heard chanted English work for scriptural readings (though I wouldn't make a habit of it), but there we're talking about a performative act, not something participatory. I don't know if that's the reason it's different, but it's an observation. But for prayer, I am fine with chanting in Hebrew, reading in Hebrew, or reading in English, but not chanting in English. (Lest you think this is a reaction to something new, let me just note that I grew up in the Catholic church, where they switched from Latin to English prayers but kept the chanting, and that bothered me too -- for years and years. I wasn't mature enough to articulate it then, but it was weird, and weirdness disrupts focus.)
Let's talk about movement. There are a few places during the standard liturgy when we are supposed to move in particular ways -- bowing in several places, and, during the kedusha, rising up on our toes during the "holy holy holy" passage (in imitation of the angels that the source text is about). So there are places where tradition dictates movement, and that's fine. And I've been to services where people seemed to spontaneously move in ways that are not directed; one person at Hebrew College made a lasting impression on me one Shabbat when, during that same part of Kedusha, he opened his hands palms-up as if to say "I am open to God". (I never talked with him about it; that's the message I took, not necessarily the one he meant -- if in fact he meant anything at all by it.) Since then I have sometimes found myself doing the same thing. So movement is fine, and innovation is fine. But I was a little put off by directed innovative movement during this service. If it works for you, just do it; if it works for others they'll do it too. But crossing the line from doing to directing, with social pressure to comply, felt disruptive to me -- it felt fake, instead of being a real expression of anything. (I did not comply with her directives.)
Many of the melodies were very nice (and lent themselves to harmony). Most consisted of a single phrase, repeated a lot, and lasted several minutes. We do some of that in my regular Shabbat morning minyan (though not the "several minutes" part), so maybe we'll be picking up some new melodies from this.
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Date: 2012-04-01 09:04 pm (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2012-04-02 02:14 am (UTC)(no subject)
Date: 2012-04-04 01:24 pm (UTC)Yes. But... sometimes weirdness is actually very useful, because it makes you sit up and think about what you might have been doing on autopilot. A Jewish example: every week we read part of the Torah (first 5 books of the bible). Every year we finish the cycle and start all over again. So after a number of years of doing this, well, religiously, it's easy to miss things. A few years back I started reading a different translation -- Everet Fox's -- rather than the "new JPS" translation which I'd been reading. Fox's translation is a bit weird, although I should stress it's not weird for the sake of being provocative, but rather weird because it follows the flow of the Hebrew text even when that's not the way normal English is written. I could give examples, but that would be too much for this comment. The point is that I started noticing things in the text which I'd started to skip over in the old translations, so for me this bit of weirdness actually added focus. Now I'm back to the "new JPS" translation for a while -- but I'll go back to Fox when this gets stale.
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Date: 2012-04-01 11:03 pm (UTC)This sounds like "Carlebach style" to me, which is not something I would usually associate with the Renewal movement. :)
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Date: 2012-04-02 02:17 am (UTC)Whether what I experienced is typical of Carlebach-style services I cannot say.
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Date: 2012-04-02 12:01 pm (UTC)In each case, what I recall is that what would typiclally happen is the leader would start a psalm with a Carlebach melody, and the entire text of the psalm would be sung. Then everyone would "yai dai dai" the melody over and over. And possibly over and over and over and over.
The only thing sacrificed was time; I was invited to dinner after the Friday night service at the "Carlebach" shul in NY; I remember my host suggesting a time I leave for dinner, rather than just "after services". I don't remember Yakar going super-late... but there were times in the summer when I went to the "early" service at Kol Haneshema and then found it worthwhile to continue to Yakar. So it must've gone long, but I just don't recall it. The once-a-month Shabbat services went so long they had a break for Kiddush before the Torah service.
Movement: Yakar and the "Carlebach" shul were crowded enough (on the men's side) that the only movement direction possible was vertical; at Yakar, especially, I remember spontaneous jumping at times. The once-a-month minyan had more space (at least at times), and there was spontaneous movement, I think -- but I was definitely a visitor and not a regular, so could've missed subtle cues.
In sum: I don't think that I'm an expert, and it's been at least 10 years since I've been to these services, but your experience sounds typical of what I experienced at 3 different services which were unarguably "Carlebach-style".
(no subject)
Date: 2012-04-03 01:19 am (UTC)Oops - that's what I get for posting "past my bedtime". I didn't mean that the service you described sounded like Carlebach, just that that particular piece of your description made me think of Carlebach.
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Date: 2012-04-02 12:31 am (UTC)Unfortunately, more and more Jews are put off by their own unfamiliarity with the liturgy, and expect the leader to --- well, not fulfill their obligations, since I don't think they are connected enough to the liturgy and its development to feel obligated, but they expect the leaders to be their proxies in experiencing the holy.
I write this in part because I had a similarly offputting experience a few weeks ago at a family simcha, and that was the explanation I walked away with.
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Date: 2012-04-02 02:30 am (UTC)I've been watching an interesting trend in the Reform movement. So, speaking only for myself and my small corner of the world... I wasn't around decades ago during the heyday of "Classical Reform", but I understand it to have been very much proxy worship: your role was to sit there, be quiet, and watch the performance on the bimah. (I have not seen this personally; it was before my time.) Now congregants want very much to participate in services, which is good, but to facilitate that, leaders sometimes alter the service to remove any barriers to entry in the interests of making it fun. (People want to participate, but they don't necessarily want to worship.) So you can end up with a family-oriented music-filled service for kabbalat shabbat, which sounds like a great idea, but the only psalm that gets sung is L'cha Dodi and the rest of the singing is random songs that people know (because we want to get them singing more than we want to teach them the psalms in kabbalat shabbat). When I go to such a service I feel like I had a night of singing with my friends, but I don't feel like I attended a Shabbat service or worshipped God. I fear that this is the direction (for the next couple decades, at least, until the pendulum swings again) that Reform worship will take, which makes me sad. It doesn't have to be either/or; we can engage and empower people and preserve the core liturgy, but it seems that people like me who care about that are in the minority.