daf bit: Zevachim 112
The mishna says: before the mishkan (tabernacle) was set up, bamot ("high places", other altars) were permitted and the service was performed by the firstborn. After the mishkan was set up, bamot were forbidden and the service was performed by the kohanim (priests). When the mishkan was in Gilgal during the conquest of the land, bamot were again permitted. When they came to Shiloh there was a stone building and bamot were again forbidden. When the miskhan was set up in Nov and then Giv'on, bamot were again permitted. And when the Beit Hamikdash, the Temple, was built in Jerusalem, bamot were forbidden forever, even after the Temple was destroyed. (112b)
The mishna gives us a history lesson, not reasons. I didn't see reasons for some of these (Nov and Giv'on in particular) in a quick scan of six pages of g'mara, but it was only a quick scan.
Today's daf is 111.