I've never lived under a parliamentary government, and watching them
from the outside can sometimes be confusing. Most of my "information"
comes from watching Israeli politics, with occasional supplements from
Canada; I realize these aren't the only such governments and that each
country presumably has its own quirks. But there are some things I
wonder about, including wondering which ones are inherrent properties
and which are quirks.
I infer that creating new political parties -- that have standing to
run in national elections, I mean -- is fairly easy. Israel has a
plethora of parties. Sharon is quitting his own party to form a new
one, and the last election saw a new party that was one of the top three
vote-getters. In the US this is hard; there are lots of parties,
but the Democrats and Republicans have privileged access to both the ballot
and tax-funded campaign money, so it's not a level playing field. From
the outside, it looks like Sharon's new party will occupy the
same niche as that new party from last time (Shinui) -- but presumably it
would be a sign of political weakness for him to just join the party he ran
against, while the cost of starting a new one is low, so he forms his own.
Because it's a coalition government, he and those other guys may well end
up in the same voting block anyway.
Is that sort of thing the reason that there are bunches of small parties, most
of which secures its 3 or 4 seats in a 120-seat parliament? Do parties
ever die off? Do prominent players ever change parties, as opposed to
creating new ones? Or, alternatively, do you get a lot of one-off parties,
ones that are formed for one election and then fade away?
I find the idea of proportional seats in government (based on the vote
split) to be interesting. It's a stark contrast to what we have in the
US, where in each race the winner takes all. The only thing that keeps
the ruling party from running roughshod over everyone -- when anything
does, I mean -- is that there are lots of these races. I wonder how
different US politics would be if Congress were made up of Republicans,
Democrats, Libertarians, Greens, Constitutionalists, and whatever else
in rough proportion to their distribution in the population, with the
president being not individually elected but the head of the party that
got the most votes. (I perceive that our president has roughly the powers
of a prime minister in the parliamentary system.) On the other hand, in
a system like Israel's the elected representatives aren't individually
accountable to the voters, so it can be hard for the people to remove
someone they don't like.
The ever-changing bedfellows of parliamentary governments can get hard
to follow without a score-card. I sometimes wonder how they
get anything done. (But that can be a feature. :-) )
Speaking of getting things done, I couldn't find an answer to this at
Wikipedia: between the time the parliament is disolved and the time
elections are held, how does governance happen? For example, the
Israeli parliament was dissolved today and elections will be in February
or March; who makes decisions in the meantime? Or does this mean they're
in a mode of "administration but not law-making"? (Is that a relevant
difference? Which category would contain the budget?)